History of Kabbalah: the Story of the Book of Zohar

Zohar means Radiance, and The Book of Zohar is thequalities that exist in the spiritual world. The ten sages
fundamental book in the wisdom of Kabbalah. It is thehad attained these spiritual qualities through their souls
key enabling one to reveal the spiritual part of theand were able to record them in a book.
universe, hidden to our five senses, and the UpperThe book was written in a special way. Rashbi knew
Force that governs everything and brings everythingthat the text had to conceal its spiritual content,
into being.because this information was intended for those who
It was written by Rabbi Shimon Bar Yochai, or Rashbi,would live two millennia later—us. This is why he had
a great Kabbalist who lived in the 2nd century CE.one of his students, Rabbi Aba, write it. Rabbi Aba
Rashbi attained all the wisdom that was to bewas able to put the spiritual information in a concealed
recorded in The Book of Zoharwhile hiding from themanner. He wrote The Book of Zohar by listening to
hostile Roman authorities in a cave in Northern Israel.Rashbi and recording what he said in a way that an
Together with his son Rabbi Elazar, Rashbi spent 13uninformed reader could comprehend only the
years living in this cave, eating fruits of a carob treeshallowest, most external layer of the text. For
and drinking water from a nearby source. In that time,instance, here is how the book starts: Rabbi Chizkiyah
the father and son had attained all the degrees of theopened, “It is written, as the rose amongst the
spiritual world, and were able to feel the Upper Forcethorns.” The text is beautiful and poetic, yet requires
or the Creator with utter clarity.a spiritual attainment in order to decipher its true
13 years later, Rabbi Shimon and his son reemergedmeaning.
from the cave, assembled a group of disciples, andHence, when we read The Book of Zohar without the
wrote The Book of Zohar along with them. Kabbalahneeded preparation, it appears as a series of
explains that ten men were necessary to write thisfantastical tales and legends. And to learn how to read
unique book, because their souls corresponded to tenit properly, we should start with the writings of Rabbi
spiritual forces called “Sefirot.” Only togetherYehuda Ashlag, also called Baal HaSulam, after his
were they able to create the common spiritual vesselSulam (Ladder) commentary on The Book of Zohar.
able to perceive the highest degrees of the spiritualBaal HaSulam composed a comprehensive, accurate,
world.and systematic interpretation of The Book of Zohar.
Therefore, when The Book of Zohar describes RabbiHis goal was to unveil the book to the public and make
Shimon and his students, it actually refers to theit suitable for the souls of our time.